Employment and income

This paper develops and estimates a human capital model of wage growth based on learning by doing.

In this paper we develop the collective labour supply framework to allow for corner solutions and nonparticipation in employment.

This paper uses microeconomic data from the British Household Panel and General Household Surveys to describe how the distribution of pay differs between the public and private sectors in 1983 and in the early 1900s

This Commentary looks at public pay in detail, tracing its trend relative to the private sector over the 1980s and 1990s and showing how the gap in pay between the public and private sectors differs dramatically across occupations, gender and education groups. These findings illustrate how misleading comparisons of public and private sector pay based on aggregate data can be.

This chapter surveys existing approaches to modeling labor supply and identifies important gaps in the literature that could be addressed in future research

Recent studies have found a negative relationship between voluntary labour market activity and the opportunity cost of time, measured by the individual's net wage.

The 1980s tax reforms and the changing dispersion of wages offer one the best opportunities yet to estimate labour supply effects.

The first half of the report sheds some new light on the following questions with a detailed and consistent comparison of income distributions in Western Germany and the UK from 1984 to 1992. To what extent was the income distribution in Western Germany similar to the UK in 1984? Did the inequality of West German incomes rise to the same extent? What was the differing role of the labour market, the tax and benefit system and demographic change in each country? The second half of the report concentrates on whether and how education, training and wage setting systems together with other institutional factors in Western Germany can explain the differences relative to the more deregulated UK labour market.

This paper uses microeconomic data from the UK Family Expenditure Surveys (FES) and the General Household Surveys (GHS) to describe and explain changes in the distribution of male wages.

This paper uses the General Household Survey data for the UK to study earnings

This research, supported by the Leverhulme Trust, investigates the relationship between the employment status of husbands and the labour market behaviour of their wives.

This research (supported by the Leverhulme Trust) investigates the relationship between working behaviour (whether one is unemployed, not participating, working part-time or full-time), cash transfer programmes (such as in-work transfers like Family Credit, and out-of-work transfers like Income Support), and in-kind transfer programmes.

This report shows the extent to which low pay and unemployment are related, the effects of periods out of work on future earnings and the degree to which low pay is a persistent phenomenon. Importantly it demonstrates the way in which a minimum wage might affect a much higher proportion of the population than is generally appreciated because of the way in which people move in and out of low paid work. A chapter of the report is also given over to the effects of work experience and job tenure on pay levels.