Employment and income

This paper uses microeconomic data from the U.K. Family Expenditure Surveys (FES) and the General Household Surveys (GHS) to describe and explain changes in the distribution of male wages.

We explore the role that economic incentives, particularly changes in wages at the bottom end of the wage distribution, play in determining crime rates.

The goals of income transfer systems in the US and the UK for low-income families are to reduce poverty and welfare dependency and encourage work.

This paper presents a life cycle model for the demand for health, and derives empirical specifications that distinguish between permanent and transitory wage responses.

In this paper a rich and innovative dataset, the International Adult Literacy Survey, is used to examine the impact of functional literacy on earnings.

This paper uses pooled cross-section data on recent school leavers in Ireland to model the determinants of labour market status and wages for young adults.

There is a vast empirical literature of the effects of training on wages that are taken as an indirect measure of productivity. This paper is part of a smaller literature on the effects of training on direct measures of industrial productivity.

In October 1999 WFTC replaced Family Credit as the main package of in-work financial support for families with children. This note compares the results of three IFS projects assessing the effectiveness of the WFTC in getting people back to work.

In October 1999, the working families' tax credit (WFTC) replaced family credit as the main package of in-work support for families with children.

This discussion paper describes the structure of Family Credit and the Working Families Tax Credit (WFTC). It looks at the characteristics of likely recipients and discusses how the WFTC will affect work incentives for different types of households. The paper then goes on to discuss a series of issues that deserve attention and discussion in the context of the UK reform, and perhaps more generally in the consideration of policies of this type.

This paper analyzes the relationship between aggregate wages and individual

This paper examines alternative approaches to wage subsidy programmes.

The report shows what differentiates the individuals in the survey who entered work over a twelve month period from those who remained out of work over the course of a year. It examines how the distribution of hourly wages earned by new entrants into jobs differs from the distribution of wages for those already in work. This `entry wage' information is just used to estimate gains to working for people who are currently unemployed or inactive, and to assess to what extent financial incentives affect entry into work. The report also simulates what the effect of the WFTC, the NI reforms, and the 10p tax rate might be on the numbers of men and women entering work and how these reforms might increase employment.

This paper provides a non-technical review of the evidence on the returns to education and training for the individual, the firm and the economy at large

This paper surveys the evidence on the effects of technical change on skills, wages and employment by examining the micro-econometric evidence.