There is considerable evidence that children from low-income households often do less well at school and in many other ways than better off children. The welfare of our children, especially those in poor households, has been a high priority for government policy since 1997. The aim of this project was to see if we could find evidence that giving more money to low income parents (for example through the tax and benefit system) is likely to improve outcomes for their children, and to ask what else matters for child outcomes.