Conditional cash transfer (CCT) programmes are a key component of welfare policies of governments right across the developing world. CCT programmes provide cash payments to poor households upon meeting certain behavioral requirements, generally related to children’s education and health care. EDePo researchers have been engaged extensively in the design, implementation and evaluation of various CCT programmes, in particular the Colombian Familias en Accion programme and the Mexican Oportunidades programme. EDePo research provides evidence that well-designed and well-targeted CCT programmes can be beneficial for children's education and health, and moreover can also have wider economic effects such as on risk sharing arrangements within communities, and on the distribution of power within households.