<p>The Employment Retention and Advancement (ERA) study can provide unbiased estimates of the impact of ERA only for that subset of the eligibles who were offered the possibility of taking part in the experiment and who agreed to do so. This report explores, in detail, how representative of the full eligible population the ERA study participants are by first documenting the incidence of non-participation and then testing for the presence of any systematic differences between non-participants and participants in terms of observed characteristics and subsequent outcomes.</p>